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JAVA Programming
Explain the use of the break and continue statements in Java and how do they work?
Yes, I can explain the use of the break and continue statements in Java.
The break statement is used to terminate the execution of a loop or a switch statement. When the break statement is encountered inside a loop or a switch statement, the control is transferred to the statement immediately following the loop or switch. The break statement is useful when you want to exit a loop early, for example, when you have found the element you are searching for in an array.
Here is an example of using the break statement in a for loop to search for a specific element in an array:
int[] arr = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 };
int searchElement = 8;
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] == searchElement) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if (index == -1) {
System.out.println("Element not found.");
} else {
System.out.println("Element found at index " + index);
}
The continue statement, on the other hand, is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and move on to the next iteration. When the continue statement is encountered inside a loop, the remaining statements inside the loop for that iteration are skipped, and the loop continues with the next iteration.
Here is an example of using the continue statement in a for loop to print only the even elements of an array:
int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] % 2 != 0) {
continue;
}
System.out.println(arr[i]);
}
In this example, the continue statement skips the remaining statements in the loop if the current element is odd, and continues with the next iteration to check the next element.
What is a labeled break and continue statement in Java and how does it work?
In Java, a labeled break or continue statement is used to break or continue a nested loop at a specific point. It is useful when we have multiple nested loops and we want to break or continue a specific loop based on a condition.
The syntax for labeled break and continue statements is as follows:
label1:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
label2:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) {
// Statements
break label1; // To break the outer loop
continue label1; // To continue the outer loop
}
}
Here, the label1 is the label assigned to the outer loop, and label2 is the label assigned to the inner loop. The break statement with the label label1 will terminate the outer loop, while the continue statement with the label label1 will skip the rest of the inner loop and move on to the next iteration of the outer loop.
Let’s see an example to better understand the concept:
outerloop:
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
innerloop:
for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
if (i == 2 && j == 2) {
break outerloop;
}
System.out.println("i = " + i + "; j = " + j);
}
}
In this example, we have an outer loop and an inner loop, and we are using a labeled break statement to terminate the outer loop when i and j are both equal to 2. When this condition is met, the output will be:
i = 1; j = 1
i = 1; j = 2
i = 1; j = 3
i = 2; j = 1
As we can see, the loop terminated when i and j were both equal to 2.
Give an example of using nested control statements in Java?
Sure! Here is an example of using nested control statements in Java:
public class NestedControlStatementsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] % 2 == 0) {
for (int j = i; j < array.length; j++) {
if (array[j] % 3 == 0) {
System.out.println(array[i] + " is even and " + array[j] + " is divisible by 3.");
}
}
}
}
}
}
In this example, we have an array of integers and we want to find all the pairs of numbers where the first number is even and the second number is divisible by 3. We use a nested for loop to iterate through the array and check each pair of numbers. The outer loop iterates through each element of the array, and the inner loop iterates through the remaining elements of the array starting from the current element. Inside the inner loop, we check if the current element is divisible by 3, and if it is, we print out the pair of numbers.
Questions on Chapter 6