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CSS
This tells the browser to fetch and apply the styles defined in the “styles.css” file to the HTML document.
Selectors and declarations: In CSS, you use selectors to target HTML elements and declarations to define the styles for those elements. Selectors can target elements by tag name, class, ID, or other attributes. For example:
h1 {
color: blue;
font-size: 24px;
}
.my-class {
background-color: yellow;
}
#my-id {
border: 1px solid black;
}
In the above CSS code, the first selector targets all <h1> elements and sets the color to blue and font size to 24 pixels. The second selector targets elements with the class “my-class” and sets the background color to yellow. The third selector targets the element with the ID “my-id” and applies a black border.
Applying styles: Once the CSS file is linked to the HTML document and the selectors and declarations are defined, the browser applies the styles to the corresponding HTML elements. For example, all
<h1>elements will have blue text and a font size of 24 pixels.Cascading and specificity: CSS follows cascading rules, meaning that styles can be inherited from parent elements and overridden by more specific styles. Styles defined later in the CSS file or with higher specificity take precedence. This allows you to fine-tune the appearance of individual elements.
By using CSS and HTML together, you can control the visual presentation, layout, and styling of HTML elements, creating visually appealing and well-formatted web pages.
+-----------------------------------+
| Margin |
+-----------------------------------+
| Border |
| +-----------------------+ |
| | Padding | |
| | +-----------------+ | |
| | | Content | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | +-----------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-----------------------+ |
| |
+-----------------------------------+
The total width of an element is calculated by adding the content width, padding width, and border width. Similarly, the total height is determined by adding the content height, padding height, and border height. The margin is not included in the dimensions.
It’s important to note that by default, the dimensions specified for an element in CSS (e.g., width and height) refer to the content area. If you want to include padding and border in the specified dimensions, you can use the box-sizing property with a value of border-box.
Understanding the box model helps with positioning and spacing elements on a web page, allowing you to control the layout and visual appearance more effectively.
<p style="color: blue;font-size: 16px">This is a paragraph with inline styles.</p>
Inline styles affect only the specific element they are applied to and have the highest specificity. They are useful for applying quick, specific styles to individual elements, but they can become cumbersome and difficult to maintain when used extensively throughout a website.
Internal Stylesheet: An internal stylesheet is defined within the <head> section of an HTML document using the <style> tag. It allows you to define CSS rules that apply to the entire HTML document or a specific section. For example:
p {
color: blue;
font-size: 16px;
}
<p>This is a paragraph with internal styles.</p>
Internal styles apply to the elements specified in the CSS rules within the same HTML document. They have a medium specificity and are useful when you want to apply styles to multiple elements on a single page.
External Stylesheet: An external stylesheet is a separate CSS file that is linked to an HTML document using the <link> tag. The CSS rules are defined in the external file, which is typically saved with a .css extension. For example:
<p>This is a paragraph with external styles.</p>
The external stylesheet can be reused across multiple HTML documents. It allows for separation of concerns, as the styling is kept separate from the HTML. External stylesheets have a lower specificity and are useful for maintaining consistent styles across multiple pages and for modularizing the code.
In summary, the main differences between inline, internal, and external stylesheets are their placement, scope, specificity, and maintainability. Inline styles are applied directly within HTML tags, internal styles are defined within the <style> tag in the same HTML document, and external stylesheets are linked as separate CSS files. The choice of which to use depends on the specific requirements and needs of your project.
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