A reference variable of a superclass can be assigned a reference to any subclass derived from that superclass. You will find this aspect of inheritance quite useful in a variety of situations.
For example, consider the following:
/* JAVA program to understand superclass variable can reference a subclass variable */
/* www.codewindow.in */
class Box
{
void volume()
{
return 100;
}
}
class BoxWeight extends Box
{
int height;
int depth;
int length;
double breadth;
BoxWeight(int a,int b, int c , double d)
{
height=a;
depth=b;
length=c;
breadth=d;
}
double volume()
{
return height*length*height;
}
int weight()
{
return length*breadth*depth;
}
}
class RefDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
BoxWeight weightbox = new BoxWeight(3, 5, 7, 8.37);
Box plainbox = new Box();
double vol;
vol = weightbox.volume();
System.out.println("Volume of weightbox is " + vol);
System.out.println("Weight of weightbox is " +weightbox.weight);
System.out.println();
// assign BoxWeight reference to Box reference
plainbox = weightbox;
vol = plainbox.volume(); // OK, volume() defined in Box
System.out.println("Volume of plainbox is " + vol);
/* The following statement is invalid because plainbox does not define a weight member. */
System.out.println("Weight of plainbox is " + plainbox.weight);
}
}
Here, weightbox is a reference to BoxWeight objects, and plainbox is a reference to Box objects. Since BoxWeight is a subclass of Box, it is permissible to assign plainbox a reference to the weightbox object.
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